Dutch explorers first landed in Australia in 1606, and the British began to settle there in 1788. Many settlers were criminals sent to live in Australia as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people. But soon, fighting broke out over who owned the land.
In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. As a result, a rush to find riches came, bringing thousands of new immigrants to the country. By 1859 six separate colonies existed, and in 1901 these colonies joined to form the Federation of Australia.
From 1914 to 1918, more than 400,000 Australians volunteered in World War I. Although Australia’s first major campaign in Gallipoli in 1915 was a failure, with almost 9,000 Australian soldiers losing their lives, its commemoration became an essential element in the emergence of Australian national identity.
Over the past 50 years, Australia has developed a highly diversified economy with considerable strengths, particularly in the mining and agricultural sectors and manufacturing and services, and it has become increasingly economically integrated with the countries of East Asia.

Australia’s climate is generally delightful and mild. Most of the country receives more than 3,000 hours of sunshine a year!
Being the biggest continent, Australia is characterized by various weather conditions, depending on its latitude. When it’s winter in Europe and Latin America, it’s summer south of the equator.
There are four seasons across most of Australia, with the tropical north experiencing a wet and dry season. Summer runs from December to March (average temperature 29°C), autumn throughout March to May, winter runs from June to August (average 13°C), and spring from September to November.

The demography of Australia covers basic statistics, most populous cities, ethnicity, and religion. The population of Australia is estimated to be 25,760,500 as of 9 March 2021. Australia is the 52nd most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas and expect to exceed 28 million by 2030.
Australia’s population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 1,000,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonization in 1788 due to numerous immigration waves during the period since.

Australia is one of the largest countries on Earth and the only country that covers an entire continent. Although it is rich in natural resources and has much fertile land, more than one-third of Australia is desert.
In most Australian cities and farms locating in the southwest and southeast areas, the climate is comfortable. The famous outback (remote rural regions) contains the country’s largest deserts, where there are scorching temperatures, little water, and almost no vegetation. In the northeast, there are dense rainforests where lush vegetation grows.
Running around the eastern and south-eastern edge of Australia is the Great Dividing Range. This 3,700-kilometre stretch of mountain sends water down into Australia’s most important rivers and the Great Artesian Basin, the world’s largest groundwater source.

The politics of Australia take place within the framework of a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system under its Constitution, one of the world’s oldest, since Federation in 1901. Australia is the world’s sixth oldest continuous democracy and largely operates as a two-party system in which voting is compulsory. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Australia a “full democracy” in 2021. Australia is also a federation, where power is divided between the federal government and the states and territories.